Wallace Group Strategic analysis Essay -- essays research papers

The Wallace Group is an organization that fabricates and creates specialized items and frameworks. It has three essential operational gatherings comprising of gadgets, plastics, and synthetic substances. By a long shot the biggest resource of the Group is the hardware. This benefit is roughly the size of both the plastics and concoction gatherings of the partnership. It additionally contributes the most to the net gain at roughly 70%. The plastics and compound divisions were gained to differentiate the salary of the partnership from the first gadgets gathering.      The Wallace Group as of now faces a few issues with it organization comparable to ill-advised administration. In any case, the organization appears to experience issues in the recruiting procedure. It appears that the organization is centered around cutting expense as opposed to searching for compelling work arrangements. For instance, rather than making an administration creating project to prepare and enlist chiefs, the organization depends on advancing specialized staff. The cost cutting methodology is additionally obstructing the recruiting of qualified specialists. The organization centers around recruiting workers in any event conceivable pay as an option in contrast to paying the necessary sum for qualified aptitude. Another issue that emerges is un-normalized strategies for gathering information and introducing data. For instance both the VP of advertising and the executive of cutting edge frameworks gather and use information for showcasing purposes. Their con cern lies in the way that the two chiefs are utilizing various information and arrangements for basically a similar reason, and along these lines they make excess and higher remaining tasks at hand. By a wide margin, the most urgent issue confronting the gathering is the absence of vision and bearing from the president, Mr. Wallace himself. His broadening program that brought about the obtaining of the synthetic and plastics divisions needed forward looking vision. He basically required the organizations to keep up a gainful activity with no heading to improve.      In terms of need, I would initially suggest that the Wallace Group execute a corporate administration strategy natural to a business of its size. This would necessitate that the organization receive a directorate. A top managerial staff has five duties: 1.     Setting corporate system, generally course, strategic, visio... ... the executives strategies from them. This is especially strong methodology since the strategies utilized have just been tried and the outcomes can be anticipated. The other hypothesis I would use to teach Mr. Wallace is the hierarchical learning hypothesis. It expresses that â€Å"†¦organizations modify protectively to a changing situation and use information unpleasantly to improve the fit between the association and its environment.† (Wheelen, pg8) To use this hypothesis the organization must react to the progressions to lessen negative effects and position itself to make a move. This takes into account the organization to basically gain from its condition and lead to its own advancements in vital administration. References Wheelen T.L., Hunger J.D., Strategic Management and Business Policy Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ (2004) Inlet Area Industrial Education Council, Employee turnover cost table recovered Jun 10, 2005 http://www.baiec.org/Employee%20Turnover%20Costs.PDF#search='employee%20turnover%20costs' Data Week Issue 1041 Wal-Mart to Suppliers: Clean Up Your Data recovered Jun 10, 2005 http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&an=17226667&loginpage=Login.asp

Aer Lingus free essay sample

Aer Lingus is the national carrier of Ireland. It is headquartered at Dublin Airport, Ireland. †¢The carrier works 43 airplane and continues normal 10 million travelers for every annum. †¢The aircrafts essential crucial to interface Ireland with the world and the world to Ireland by offering its clients the best item in the Irish carrier advertise at a serious cost. The airline’s essential markets are Ireland, the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States. The Irish individuals regularly embrace a few abroad flights a year. This is halfway determined by Ireland’s status as an island country yet in addition mirrors the innate inclination among the Irish to make a trip to visit abroad goals. tgp2012 1 Marketing direction Marketing direction In 2001 after the 9/11 impact on the aircraft business Aer Lingus presents their first model of low tolls to contend with other low charge In 2001 after the 9/11 impact on the carrier business Aer Lingus presents their first model of low admissions to rival other low passage aircrafts. We will compose a custom exposition test on Aer Lingus or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The aircraft was near chapter 11 and they needed to discover new waysairlines. the most effective method to stay with the above water. They did various to see The carrier was close tosurveys inside the business to discover new what was required/wantedtheorder to succeed. They completed various liquidation and they needed to distinguish approaches to perceive how to stay with in above water. So after the underlying reviews they brought down their passages and changed/evacuated/included new goals. Since flourish. ompany’s advertising overviews inside the business to recognize what was required/needed so as to then the So after the underlying reviews they loweredupdated/redesigned commonly placing the client in theSince then the company’s showcasing direction has been their charges and changed/expelled/included new goals. driving seat. direction has been refreshed/overhauled commonly placing the client in the driving seat. Showcasing blend Marketing blend

How to Write Romance 5 Secrets for Writing Believable Relationships

How to Write Romance 5 Secrets for Writing Believable Relationships Their eyes meet across a crowded room, the rest of the world disappears, and its love at first sight…Or is it?We all know love at first sight is a sure sign of problems down the road. Real love, the kind that survives til death do we part takes time to build and time to grow. While admittedly, some readers enjoy romance novels to leave the real world behind, many readers enjoy a good solid romance thats believable, real-world love.The job of a writer is to create believable characters, whether writing a romance novel or a horror story (and yes, there are the jaded few who would say they are one and the same!). So how is that done? How does a writer create believable relationships in a world where love at first sight just doesnt ring true?It all begins with the character sketch and planning characters that have real needs, real fears and real motivations. So, lets look at how to make that happen.1. Consider the Enneagram of Personality as a starting pointIf youve ever studied the En neagram of Personality, you know that determining a persons core need is at the center of finding their personality type. The Enneagram is a model of the human psyche and covers nine personality types along with how those types are connected. For each type, several qualities are outlined:Characteristic roleEgo fixationHoly ideaBasic fearBasic desireTemptationVice/PassionVirtueIf you want to take the easy route for creating believable characters, Id suggest you look at the Enneagram types and pull these qualities straight from one of the outlined personalities. It covers the basic fears that are most likely in any personality, and will go a long way in helping you set up a believable character.If you want to take the long way around and create truly original characters that are unpredictable, a way to do that is to determine these Enneagram qualities on your own in your character sketch process.2. Find your characters basic fear and the incident(s) that created that fearFor the Ennea gram, one of the most important considerations is the persons basic fear. This makes sense in a psychological study because as humans, our fears are the primal basis for what motivates us, particularly our decisions.Lets say you have two people who have met in the real world, and there is a potential for a budding romance. Along the path to falling in love, there are going to be hiccups and problemsâ€"we know this because we know love at first sight only happens in fairy tales and life is no fairytale, right?Love at first sight only happens in fairy tales. Photo by Niki Sanders on UnsplashThese hiccups and problems are almost always related to each persons core fear. For example, lets say the woman was abandoned by her first love, who left her for someone else when she was young. On top of that, her father left her mother, leaving their family to struggle under a single parent income for most of her teenage life. Obviously, these situations have produced in her a fear of abandonment â€"a fear that the men in her life will eventually leave her alone.This fear then produces self-defense mechanisms in her future relationships. So, fast-forward to present day. A believable pattern that will inevitably show up in her relationship with this man she has just met and is falling in love with is…. you guessed it…a fear that hell just go away like the rest.And what about his basic fear? Lets say he has a fear of having little worth. This fear likely stems from his own youth, where he was bullied or perhaps not given enough attention from his workaholic parents. The result of this fear is that he will likely put too much effort in being important, either though his social circles, his hobbies, or maybe even his job.What you now have, simply by finding your characters fear and the incident(s) from their early lives that created that fear, is real character motivation. And that will produce real characters.3. Consider your characters core needAs humans, our core needs ar e almost always connected to our core fears, so thats why I suggested you start with the fear first. But once you have determined your characters core fear(s), its now time to work on their core need(s).When we consult the Enneagram chart, the personality type whose core fear is worthlessness has the basic need of feeling valuable. This makes logical sense when you consider the whole psychological process of fear influencing need.So now that we know his need, we know what the other character needs to provide for him to make the relationship believable. If she provides for him a sense of worth, it is quite logical that he would eventually fall in love with her. Likewise, if she is afraid of abandonment or separation, she will inevitably fall in love with him if he provides her the peace of mind that hes not going anywhere. Its through these simple exchanges of knowing a persons fear and need that people eventually connect on deeper levels of love and trust.4. Consider your characters primary viceAnother section of the Enneagram charts reveals the vice of the nine personality types. These passions go a long way in creating believable characters who enter into believable relationships.Returning to our two loversâ€"for the woman whose basic fear is separation or abandonment, the Enneagram lists her passion or vice as disengagement. This means that there will likely be a point in the timeline of the relationships where she will disengage from it and from him, creating conflict in doing so. Since all great stories involve conflict and resolution, this knowledge about her character gives you (the writer) a natural evolution when mapping out your characters and storyline.For the man, whose basic fear is worthlessness, the Enneagram lists his vice as being deceit. This makes sense from a psychological standpoint. Someone who is afraid that they are not worthy of anothers time and attention will inevitably deceive the other to make themselves seem worthier. So, in the p rocess of creating his character sketch and the plot outline of your romance novel, a believable point of conflict would be to have her discover a lie he has toldâ€"either about himself or his pastâ€"to make him seem worthier. This gives you, the writer, needed conflict and believability in creating the timeline of the path to falling in love.The path toward love involves conflict. Photo by Huy Phan on Unsplash5. Consider your characters ultimate virtueJust as we should consider the characters vice, we should also consider their virtue in order to create believable characters that engage in a believable romance. It just so happens that one of the categories of the Enneagram chart is the virtue of the nine personality types.Starting with himâ€"our character whose basic fear is worthlessness and has a tendency toward deceitâ€"the Enneagram suggests that his ultimate virtue is the opposite of his vice: truthfulness and authenticity. In knowing this, we have an excellent understanding o f the character arc that needs to be created over the course of the novel for our male character to make him believable. Perhaps in the process of her discovering his basic need and his vice of deceit, he comes clean and acknowledges the things he once thought made him unworthy in the first place. In doing so, he becomes an authentic, imperfect character that she falls in love with based on the character arc she has seen him take.And for her, whose basic fear is separation and vice is disengagementâ€"the Enneagram states that her virtue is action. This means that over the course of their love story in the novel you are writing, the best way to make her a believable character is to make sure she moves from being disengaged in the relationships (out of self-defense) into a role of actively pursuing what she wants. Now, as the writer, this action is entirely up to you to create. Maybe she realizes at the last minute that his authenticity made her fall in love, therefore she needs to ch ase him down at the airport as he is boarding an airplane to leave for good? Or maybe his truthfulness at the end makes her fall so deeply in love with him that she goes to his window, à la John Cusack in Say Anything, and holds a radio up, blasting a song that is special because it was playing on the night they met?Whichever path you choose as the writer, using real character motivation and creating believable character arcs are essential to ensuring a believable relationship that readers will root for. Falling in love at first sight is the stuff of fairytales, not realistic romance stories that might be chosen for screenplays or become bestsellers on the New York Times Bestseller list.Whether you use the Enneagram as your source for finding character fear(s), basic need(s), vice(s) and virtue(s), or come up with your own qualities for these categories, it is essential to determine each for your characters if you want the relationship to come across as believable and real.

Organized Crime Essay - Ciminology - 2336 Words

Organized Crime Organized crime has been around for many years. Since the first definition was written organized crime has grown into multiple different meanings. According to the text, Introduction to Criminology, organized crime refers to â€Å"organizations that use violence, provide illegal services, and have immunity of operation.† (Hagan) Organized crime is also used throughout the world within gangs and secret organizations. There are multiple types and definitions of organized crime. The basic four types are; Political-Social, Mercenary (Predatory), In-Group-Oriented, and Syndicate Organized Crime. When it comes to actually finding the meaning of organized crime, it can be difficult depending on which definition one†¦show more content†¦Another major topic that organized crime is involved in and seen in is internationally. The term Yakuza, is a common term for the Japanese. Yakuza is the term for â€Å"gangsters (literally, â€Å"good-for-nothings†) are organiz ed crime syndicates of roughly 90,000 members.† (Hagan) The membership in Yakuza groups has been known to be 20 times larger when comparing to the American Mafia. Also, Yakuza are known to be widely involved in sexual slavery. According to the text, â€Å"Thousands of women and children, mainly from developing countries, are forced to work as prostitutes near military bases, to participate in the production of pornography, and to enter into mail-order marriages.† (Hagan) Usually the members of Yakuza are of different races. Some of are from Korea and usually from lower-class backgrounds. The Japanese are not the only ones involved. There are also secret Chinese organizations known as triads. Triads are also referred to as ‘black societies’ by the Chinese. A common term used throughout organized crime is loan sharking. Loan sharking is known as

Weight Management Code of Practice Free Essay Example, 3250 words

Among the most popular fitness regimens are activities such as yoga, pilates among others. Fitness Gyms are also rising in number, and health equipments now cost relatively lower than how they were 10 years ago. Moreover, food supplements that contain fat burners such as L Carnitine are becoming popular in the market. The demand for these products is evident due to the emergence of innovations in this field. As such, C-Med, Inc. sees a promising opportunity for its product. The Calorie Plate is a digital device being attached to plates that compute for the number of calories present in the amount of food loaded to it. It tells the user how much calories he is already loading into his body. The user must load the necessary information to the device prior to use his body type, his current weight program, and other pertinent details, to be able to allow the device to calculate the maximum tolerable amount of calories that he could take in one sitting. C-Med, Inc. aims to make Calor ie Plate the leading weight management tool in the market, dominating not only Australia but most major cities in the whole world. We will write a custom essay sample on Weight Management Code of Practice or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page C-Med, Inc. , Inc. is a corporation owned by five investors, who also happen to be the brains behind Calorie Plate. On top of the incorporators, C-Med, Inc. will also open its doors to potential stockholders who could provide a significant contribution to the startup finances of the company. Strength Calorie Plate is the first and only of its kind in the market.

Edge of the Water Free Essays

On The Edge Of The Water Teens growing up in modern America face challenges daily that help them grow into a productive member of society. In the book, Edgewater Angels by Sandro Meallet, the story is set in the projects of San Pedro, California, a heavily gang influenced town that is a part of Los Angeles. The book exposes the youthfulness of Sunny Toomer, a mischievous teen always faced with the decision between right and wrong in a neighborhood where you can get jumped for walking on the wrong side of the street. We will write a custom essay sample on Edge of the Water or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sunny is just trying to find a way out of this life-style he was born into. Not such an easy task when you grow up with a single mother who works hard to provide for her son, and a father who has met his son only a few times. Sunny and his friends face a lot of challenges throughout the novel and they always manage to find a way to weasel themselves out of it with the help of Sunny’s cleverness and ability to think on his feet. Sunny Toomer’s goal that he wishes to achieve is to get out of San Pedro and live a good life. Edgewater Angels is both heartwarming and exciting because where the author set the story (San Pedro), the use of the character Tom-Su, and Sunny Toomer’s library that he spends most of his free time. The story takes place in the projects of San Pedro, California. San Pedro is known for gang violence and drug trafficking. The main character Sunny Toomer and his friends all live here. Having the story take place in such a low-income neighborhood really sets the tone for the whole book. It makes the reader really connect emotionally to Toomer because of his dream is to succeed in school and eventually live a better life. I feel bad for him because it’s hard enough to have goals and aspirations as a kid. It’s especially hard for Toomer because of where he lives. Basing the book in San Pedro also makes for a lot of entertainment for the reader. Toomer and his friends face problems and dilemmas throughout Edgewater Angels like when Beefy was about to fight Monet and the Sunny came up with the idea to have a swim off. That showed how even rival gang members in a diverse community can get together for some friendly competition. The way Sunny matures throughout the book intrigued me as a reader because I know that even though this book is fiction, there are situations like this in L. A. Meallet At the very beginning of the book, a character was briefly introduced but was significant. His name is Tom Su. Tom Su was a little weird but liked to hangout with the boys. So the boys let him hang out with them as a nice gesture. One day, they boys saw Tom Su standing outside his apartment with his dad. They were yelling back and forth for a while and then the dad hit Tom Su. This shocked the boys and they didn’t know what to do. They thought their parents were rough until they saw what Tom Su had to go through daily. Meallet included this character into the book because child abuse is a real problem in America but a lot of people either are not aware or do not do anything about it. Tom Su was a character but also a symbol because he represented all of the kids in America that are abused but do not speak up and get help. Sunny strives to be a good student and get good grades. So he spends a lot of time studying and reading. However, those things aren’t so easy to accomplish when you live where Toomer lives, so he had to find an alternate place to go when he needed to study. The library was that place for him because it was â€Å"a place where workers got happy-faced at the site of a young guy like me (Toomer) walking through the door†. (121) Toomer loved the library so much that he was in the library every chance he could get. The library was like the missing piece to his puzzle because he could get away from his mom’s boyfriend who he hated and get peace and quiet while he works on his studies. I have had ADD almost my whole life and it has really effected my studies and school work. I just couldn’t focus at home and that would result in me not finishing homework and then reflect poorly on my grades. Like Toomer, I also needed to find somewhere I could go to study and do homework. My mom works as an elementary school teacher and she has a huge classroom with an enclosed office space in the back. My mom would let me go in there whenever I wanted because that was the only place I could ever get anything done. After about a month of countless hours in the office space, I saw a huge improvement in my grades and I developed really good study habits. I really connected with this part of the book because I could relate to Toomer and his situation. Edgewater Angels painted a perfect picture of how it is to be a teenager and grow up living in the projects of L. A. This story was important because a lot of people are not aware of living conditions of the families living in the projects. Its not like they chose the gangbanging life, many teenagers were born into it and had family members in a gang. There are not a lot of options for them to get out and start a brand new life. So its rare to find a kid like Toomer, that had all the tools to become a delinquent and a so called â€Å"thug†, who strives to become a better student and live a better life. That is the overall message that Meallet is trying to display, If you work hard enough at something your passionate about, you can achieve it. This book has definitely opened my eyes to the world and spreads awareness of the living conditions some Americans live. 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Research Paper Osteoarthritis free essay sample

Research Paper: Osteoarthritis BY samfrl 24 Osteoarthritis is a form of arthritis that causes Joint degrading which is most commonly found in the knees, hands, hips, feet, and spine. Osteoarthritis is the second most common form of arthritis and first most common in the U. S (Brandt, Kenneth D. , M. , Doherty, and Stefan Lohmander, 1998, 67). This disease is caused when there is gradual cartilage loss from Joints; this can cause bony spurs and cysts (Brandt, Kenneth D. , M. , Doherty, Stefan Lohmander, 1998, 30). The disease is most common in the elderly because as you grow older it becomes harder for your body to roduce cartilage and the cartilage you had has been worn away over the years. It is estimated that 90% of Americans will have some signs of Osteoarthritis by age 40(Margreet Kloppenburg, 2013). Osteoarthritis is a condition that causes the degrading of Joints, the symptoms are common and it is not curable but is manageable. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper: Osteoarthritis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Osteoarthritis doesnt have as many symptoms as many other common diseases since most of them revolve around your Joints. The most common of all the symptoms is stiffness, this happens most commonly in the fingers and knees which make it hard for certain people with severe osteoarthritis to walk or pick up objects easily Osteoarthritis, Prevention Treatment of Osteonecrosis). The pain that occurs from this stiffness is usually a sharp pain and/or burning sensation. It is common that when these Joints are moved that they make a crackling noise which is known as (Carlos Lopez Cubas, et al, 2013) crepitus. Though many of these signs only apply to knees, hands, hips, feet, and spine osteoarthritis can occur at any Joint in the body (Though many of the other Joints that get Osteoarthritis are from an injury and are not as common). There are a few signs of osteoarthritis which are unique depending on where the disease is present. For smaller Joints such as fingers rather large bone enlargements can be seen these are called Heberdens nodes and Bouchards nodes. Heberdens nodes form on the Joint that connects the top part of your finger (distal phalanges) and the middle part of your finger (intermediate phalanges) this Joint is called your distal interphalangeal Joint. Bouchards nodes form on the Joint that connects the bottom part of your finger (proximal phalanges) and the middle part of your finger (intermediate phalanges) this Joint is called your proximal interphalangeal joint(lntroduction to Arthritis, 2010). While these bumps may be visual unpleasing they dont cause very much pain, but they can limit the movement of the fingers severely (Osteoarthritis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, 2013). Osteoarthritis at the toes can lead to bunions which have a red visual appearance and can also cause pain when moving your toes or walking. Osteoarthritis in the knee is the leading cause of Joint effusion (of the knee). Joint effusion is when there is too much fluid in a particular Joint this can cause a physical bump on the Joint and can cause pain when that Joint is used. Osteoarthritiss does not have any known symptoms that affect nything other than your Joints, so you wont feel sick or get a headache if you have osteoarthritis the best way to check for symptoms is to evaluate your Joint health. Osteoarthritiss causes are hard to avoid because for the most part it involves is mechanical stress on your Joints which can lead to the loss of cartilage (Brandt KD, Dieppe P, Radin E, 2009). This mechanical stress can come from a variety of things; misalignment of bones, mechanical injury, obesity, muscle loss around Joints and damaged peripheral nerves.

Multi Agency Benefits For Children And Families Social Work Essay Essay Example

Multi Agency Benefits For Children And Families Social Work Essay Essay Example Multi Agency Benefits For Children And Families Social Work Essay Essay Multi Agency Benefits For Children And Families Social Work Essay Essay †¦ there appears to be a famine of grounds to back up the impression that multi-agency working in pattern brings about existent benefits for kids and households The local authorization and authorities bureaus have been working together for a long clip and non wholly new pattern. Jones and Leverett quote However, the thrust towards integrated working which includes the full kids s work force ( that is, every person who works, on an employed or voluntary footing, with kids and their households across sectors such as wellness, instruction, early old ages and child care, drama work, societal attention, constabulary, young person support and leisure services ) under the interagency umbrella is a more recent and ambitious invention ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 123 ) Multi-agency working can be analysed utilizing three primary policy contexts. First, the context of influence, where policy discourses are constructed and cardinal policy constructs for illustration, partnership or multi-agency working are established. Second, the context of policy text production, or the paperss that represent policy ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 125 ) . These are normally expressed in linguistic communication which claims to be sensible and for the general public good ( Bowe et al. , 1992 ) . They include texts such as the SEN Code of Practice ( DfES, 2001 ) or the new Working Together to Safeguard Children guidelines ( HM Government, 2010 ) . Such texts are so responded to within the context of pattern, or what really happens on the land for illustration, schools, child care or wellness scenes as a consequence of a peculiar policy . ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 125 ) Jones ( 2000 ) added a 6th context, the context of concealed values . This means positive consequence results on policy ; such as, statute law that promotes interagency cooperation in kids s services. They aim to protect kids s public assistance and better well-being. However, Jones suggests that there may be a scope of concealed significances and results. At a cardinal degree, policy can be smartly constructed to mask a peculiar set of purposes, values and beliefs. Intentionally or otherwise, policy may be a wolf in sheep s vesture ( Jones, 2000 ) There is besides grounds that practicians construct their ain significances related to policy, whether these are intended or non. Commenting on the inclination of policy shapers to centrally design signifiers, e-templates and appraisal tools . ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 126 ) Both, Garrett ( 2006 ) and Axford et Al. ( 2006 ) note how these are sometimes resisted by practicians because they are perceived as exercising cardinal control over hitherto reasonably independent countries and suspected of being a cost-cutting device ( Axford et al. , 2006, p. 172 ) . Consequently, policy could really prolong or make fortunes that maintain or exacerbate jobs. Rather than being a solution to the perceived job, the interaction between policy and pattern may do a new set of jobs. ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 126 ) The cardinal point is that policy is at three degrees local, front line and cardinal. At cardinal degree the thoughts are made concrete and so articulated nationally and locally. At the clip the policy enters the work force such as schools, practicians perceptual experiences can accordingly be affected. The inquiry is: to what extent is the vision enshrined in cardinal policy on multi-agency working likely to alter as it travels on its journey from cardinal authorities to individual practician? ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 126 ) Governments have a inclination to build their vision for policy as a statement of purposes or intended results. Sometimes the vision is embedded within a wider model ; for illustration, authoritiess in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland ( Jones and Leverett, 2008 pg 126 ) In England, kids s well-being was defined as the five reciprocally reenforcing results originally presented in the Every Child Matters Green Paper ( DfES, 2003, p. 6 ) : SHEEP is an acronym that stands for: S Stay safe H Healthy E Enjoy and accomplish E Economic well-being P Positive part The following stairss is to interpret these visions into larning which can be implemented into pattern by people working in such sectors. The five results were integrated into the development of the common nucleus accomplishments and cognition for the kids s work force ( DfES, 2005 ) dwelling of: Effective communicating and battle with kids, immature people and households Child and immature individual development Safeguarding and advancing the public assistance of the kid Supporting passages Multi-agency working Sharing information . ( DfES, 2005 ) Despite fluctuations, the UK authorities agreed that all kids will profit from closer working between practicians and bureaus. The Common Assessment Framework ( CAF ) is a cardinal portion of presenting frontline services that are integrated and focused around the demands of kids and immature people. The CAF will advance more effectual, earlier designation of extra demands, peculiarly in cosmopolitan services. It is intended to supply a simple procedure for a holistic appraisal of a kid s demands and strengths, taking history of the function of parents, carers and environmental factors on their development ( ECM, 2008 ) . The CAF signifier is designed to record and, where appropriate, portion with others, appraisals, programs and recommendations for support. Section 11 of the Children Act 2004 places a statutory responsibility on cardinal people and organic structures to do agreements to safeguard and advance the public assistance of kids . ( HM Government, 2004 ) The ECM states all bureaus are required to hold: Senior direction committedness to the importance of safeguarding and advancing kids s public assistance A clear statement of the bureau s duties towards kids, available for al staff Safe enlisting processs in topographic point Effective inter-agency working to safeguard and advance the public assistance of kids Effective information sharing ( ECM, 2008 ) The principle for the CAF is to assist practicians develop a shared apprehension of kids, which avoids households reiterating themselves to all other bureaus. The CAF helps to develop a common apprehensions of what needs to be done and how. Do non reevaluate when the information is already there ( Parents in audience about appraisal, in Scots Executive, 2005b, p. 23 ) The statement is simple and on the surface persuasive, the drift based on assisting single kids. But the relationship between appraisal processs, their intent and their results is seldom straightforward ( Jones, 2004 ) . Assessment is a womb-to-tomb procedure with societal effects and may be influenced by contextual factors and professional value places. It is literally a point at which certain kids are judged to be different ( Tomlinson, 1982, p. 82 ) . Some parents and kids s positions of their services have highlighted their wanting a coordinated service that is delivered through a individual point of contact, a key worker , named individual or link worker ( Sloper, 2004, p. 572 ) . Within the CAF, a similar function was produced, the lead professional ( LP ) who takes duty for organizing the action identified as a consequence of the CAF procedure and will back up the kid and their household as necessary. One of the dashing facets of the CAF is the figure of professionals that practicians will prosecute with, such as wellness, instruction, societal services and voluntary bureaus. It can be besides rather dashing in happening out who the support services are and their contact inside informations. However, with the CAF procedure it can be off of get the better ofing tenseness antecedently encountered around multi bureau working and sharing information. Just as kids and their households have a part to do to determine the services they receive through the assorted signifiers of partnership discussed in old chapters, so they can lend to the development of pattern and practicians. This can go on at many degrees through rating, feedback, audience and research, every bit good as direct engagement in preparation. Practitioners and the administrations they work for demand to recognize that kids and their households have specific cognition that can non be learnt from anyplace else . ( Rixon, 2008 ) Children are party to the subculture of childhood which gives them a alone insider position that is critical to our apprehension of kids s universes . ( Kellett, 2005, p. 4 ) Like many who on a regular basis consult kids and immature people, we find that their positions are ever serious, concise, thoughtful and extremely relevant and cut through the preexistent dockets and diplomatic turning awaies that beset many audiences with professional grownups. We find that even really immature kids are more than able to analyze and give clear positions on many issues within their experience . ( Morgan, 2005, pp. 181-182 ) How is the success of more incorporate ways of working to be judged? One component of rating might be to see to what extent incorporate squads or new enterprises or constructions have overcome obstructions and enabled more positive ways of working . ( Stone and Rixon, 2008 ) As we have discussed, authorities policy and the literature on kids s services all emphasise the importance of bureaus working together and the value of partnership constructions, yet: Despite such exhortations, there appears to be a famine of grounds to back up the impression that multi-agency working in pattern brings about existent benefits for kids and households. ( Townsley et al. , 2004, p. 6 ) However, Michelle Warren quotes According to Consultancy 4Children ( Policy into pattern, 4Children, 2009 ) consistent grounds indicates that parents and kids are best served if the support on offer is joined up and good coordinated . It would be appropriate to recognize that although services may be provided in one scene, there is still a hazard of services non being joined up, because of different bureaus ( and viing interests/perspectives ) involved. ( Warren, 2010 ) However, Howell states Previously we really made it improbably hard by doing kids and parents and carers make their ain manner through the services all being assessed rather individually and acquiring really assorted messages. So multi-agency working is indispensable where a kid needs it. We must nt acquire baffled and believe multi-agency working has got to be the lone manner of working. In some instances it s really the school that will do the difference and that s the bureau where the huge bulk of kids will accomplish the best results . ( Howell, 2008 ) However, Townsley highlights the existent benefits for households and kids. Howell provinces There are tensenesss between bureaus, some of them driven by the different get downing point that different bureaus have. So the nature of the marks that bureaus are measured by are really rather different. The wellness marks that wellness services are measured by are significantly different from the sort of marks that schools work to and peculiarly are rather distant from the results of Every Child Matters . ( Howell, 2008 ) As with any Multi bureau working, it is important to measure whether any new undertakings or enterprises have been set marks against standards that can be measured. This is peculiarly a contemplation for grounds based intercessions which have been associated with issues, such as value for money. In relation to this, many have marks which have been set and necessarily raise inquiries whether it is the right one to be assigned with a peculiar mark. Practitioners recognise that marks can enable lucidity and equity, and concentrate attending on of import countries of pattern ( Banks, 2004 ) . However, Townsley et Al. ( 2004 ) states review a figure of surveies that reveal small grounds of improved results of multi-agency working across a scope of services and scenes. Their reappraisal besides makes clear that the undertaking of rating itself is a complex 1. Built-in jobs include: troubles in generalizing from single instance surveies ; diverse positions of different stakeholders as to what counts as success ; the length of clip needed to measure alteration ; and causality and ascription . ( Glendinning, 2002, cited in Townsley, 2004, p. 6 ) Consequently, Howell states Children s engagement and battle is cardinal to the redesign of services peculiarly with a multi-agency position. It s portion of the larning about what makes a difference the whole issue around personalisation puts the client, the individual having the services, as the co-designer of their solutions . ( Howell, 2008 ) To reason, A formative attack to rating that encourages duologue and on-going betterments to both policy and pattern would look to offer a positive manner frontward. However, this is non without its challenges and there are still issues to be addressed, non least preparation and elucidation of functions and duties. It is up to single practicians to advance an inclusive attack to professional difference and to develop a scope of different theoretical accounts enabling coaction, regard, reciprocality, pragmatism and risk-taking. ( Leverett and Jones, 2008 )

How to Tell Which Version of PHP You Have

How to Tell Which Version of PHP You Have If you cant get something to work and think it might  be because you have the wrong version of PHP, theres a really simple way to check the current version.   Different versions of PHP may have different default settings, and in the case of newer versions, might have new functions. If a PHP tutorial is giving instructions for a particular version of PHP, its important to understand how to check the version you have installed. How to Check the PHP Version Running a simple PHP file will not only tell you your PHP version but an abundance of information about all your PHP settings. Just put this single line of PHP code in a blank text file and open it on the server: ?php phpinfo() ? Below is how to check the locally installed version of PHP. You can run this in Command Prompt in Windows or Terminal for Linux/macOS. php -v Heres an example output: PHP 5.6.35 (cli) (built: Mar 29 2018 14:27:15)Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP GroupZend Engine v2.6.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies Is the PHP Version Not Showing in Windows? Given that you actually are running PHP on your web server, the most common reason for the version of PHP not showing up is if the path to PHP is not set up with Windows. You might see the error like this if the correct environment variable isnt  configured: ‘php.exe’ is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. In a Command Prompt, type the following command, where the path after C: is the path to PHP (yours may be different): set PATH%PATH%;C:\php\php.exe

The Five-Paragraph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Five-Paragraph - Essay Example Climate change made storms fiercer causing numerous deaths and destruction of properties. The deaths associated with pollution are also increasing. O’Toole suggested two ways on how to reduce the problem of transportation in cities around the world. He proposed an expensive solution and a low cost solution. The expensive solution is to build more highways which could be costly not only in terms of constructing it, but also cannot be optimized during off hours. In addition, the construction of those highways takes years to finish not to mention that it also creates unbearable traffic during its construction. The other less costly solution is â€Å"to encourage a few of the people who want to drive during those peak minutes to travel during a different part of the day† (O’Toole). The best way to do this is to charge a toll during peak hours and if charges already exist, make it higher so that people will be discouraged to use the roads during peak hours. This would discourage motorists to use the road during peak hours unless it is absolutely necessary. This solution has many advantages. One is this will decongest the roads because unnecessary travels can instead be move to off hours to avoid the toll or do car pooling to minimize the cost in toll fees. Second, it will lessen carbon emission in the atmosphere hence lessening the pollution that contributed to carbon change and our deteriorating health. This has already been done in other industries such as hotels and airlines where airline companies and hotel operators charge more during peak season and offer discounts during off season. It worked on these industries so it should also work in addressing the problems caused by

Service Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Service Marketing - Assignment Example However, People today are more selective, alert, enlightened and powerful. Traditional concept of shopping has been changed, and now conventional shops and outlets are at the verge of extinction. This makes marketers to put their effort to categorize consumers according to their response toward the unfamiliar products/services. Marketing has been often misunderstood by many managers as investing huge amounts in advertising and sales. Innovations and technological advancements have made service/product marketing highly complex and competitive. This paper will discuss some essential marketing objectives, effective method of market research, and proper implementation strategies etc. with relevant examples and reasons. A consumer in his daily life confronts with hundreds of new products and service offers. The age of cutthroat competition is compelling marketers to innovate techniques to promote their products and services. Consumer behavior is a highly important factor in marketing operations. Each purchaser is unique and his needs also might vary from others. The new concept ‘consumer is the king’ has great importance in today’s marketing scenario. Customer acquisition and retention has become too difficult for organizations. It happens because of two reasons; competition is at its peak; and customers are highly informed. Hence market research and further planning has great significance in today’s business field. Theoretical aspects of advertisements have long term effect on certain segments of people. However, investing huge amounts in advertising and sales can not be justified as marketing. 1. The initial objective of marketing is to increase product awareness among the customers. Company should have a clear and measurable strategy to assess the results of its functions. As mentioned earlier, customers have become selective more than ever before. Hence, product awareness and incessant persuasion are essential

The History Of Afghanistan History Essay

The History Of Afghanistan History Essay After the September 11th attacks on America, many nations were drawn into the War on Terror. With this escalating conflict came the names of many countries that the American public knew little about. Prior to 9/11, Americans knew Afghanistan simply as a country in the Middle East. In the aftermath of 9/11, Americans now associate Afghanistan with words like Al Qaeda and the Taliban. Despite the recent press coverage on this land-locked nation, few understand the history of Afghanistan, including the rich cultural aspects, political climate, and society of this country. As the future of Afghanistan is being lived and written right now, a clear understanding of the countrys history is imperative in understanding the new global circumstances. It is for this reason that Meredith L. Runion has written this book, published by Geenwood Press. The author is a Program Manager in the Directorate of Science and Technology for the U.S. Federal Government and has been involved in several efforts regarding the Middle East. She is regarded as a specialist in the history of Afghanistan. The author has produced a volume that reflects her current research on Afghanistan. In addition to writing several articles on the subject, The History of Afghanistan, is her first published book. Meredith is a native of the Washington D.C. area, and holds advanced degrees in Decision Science and Business. The book is intended for students and general readers. It is also serves as an appropriate starting material for researchers trying to find concise yet all-inclusive text on the entire history of Afghanistan and the rulers that have governed it. The United States, being a superpower which attacked Afghanistan and is now embroiled in the War Against Terror in this region, shares a special relationship with this country. Yet, many Americans know very little about Afghanistan, its history and the people who occupy this region. Therefore the author has made special effort to keep the book simple, concise and easy to follow for the American readers. Among the many other questions the writer addresses some are as given: How did Afghanistan get to be the way it is? What kind of political systems have evolved there? What kind of influence does it have in the region? What are the dominant political, religious and cultural forces that move its leaders? These and many other questions have been answered in this volume. The book under review is a nonfiction account of the history of Afghanistan. It provides an abridged history of Afghanistan, from the emergence of civilization to the United States overthrow of the Taliban in late 2001. The history is almost entirely political and military in nature, recounting shifting dynasties and governments and successive invasions by empires and great powers. Major points in the book describe how modern Afghanistan is a melting pot of a multitude of cultures, tribes, and political influences all under the guiding belief of Islam. The author repeatedly stresses that due to the countrys strategic location along the crucial trade routes between Central Asia and the Middle East, Afghanistan has suffered repeated conquests throughout its tumultuous history. In spite of this, Afghanistan has proven to be a resilient force in the face of long term conquests, as the United States is experiencing today. It starts with an introduction to the country, focusing on its geography and people. It discusses its location in the region, its physical features and agricultural potential. It also discusses its economy and the ethnic groups inhabiting the country. It is interesting to note that the author has devoted a complete chapter to Afghanistans prehistory. While libraries and bookstores are filled with a multitude of works on the early life of Mesopotamia and Persia, very little can be found about Afghanistans prehistory. Further, most books provide only one or two paragraphs on the early civilization era of Afghanistan, usually after Alexander the Great conquered this region. By including a complete chapter on the countrys prehistory the writer has made the book appealing to general public as well as students of history. The next chapter discusses the early civilizations which flourished in this area. Brief yet informative material has been presented about the Aryan Civilization, the Medes Empire, the arrival of Alexander the Great in the region and the Greco-Bactrian rule in Afghanistan. Most books on the subject ignore the intermediate period between the early civilizations and the arrival of Islam in Afghanistan. However, the writer has discussed the Greek-Hellenistic culture prevailing in the area till the conquests led by Muslim invaders. The Macedonian Empire, the division under Seleucid and Mauryan Rule, the Greco-Bactrian and Parthian eras, The Kushan Empire and the Sassanid Dynasty have been dealt with by the author in this chapter before moving on to the advent of Muslim conquerors. Conspicuous, however, is the authors lack of attention to the rule of Islamic Empires in Afghanistan. The Islamic Empires of this region were some of the most powerful and influential ones during the period extending from 10th century A.D., and played a significant role in shaping the history of Central Asia, Persia and India. The indisposition of the author to handle this period of history in greater detail will come as a surprise to researchers and historians. The following chapter discusses the Mongolian Invasion, the Timurid Empire and Safavid Rule leading up to the creation of the first Afghan state under Ahmed Shah Durrani in 1747. A complete chapter has been written by the author detailing the Anglo-Afghan Wars from 1839 to 1919. Once again the author very concisely narrates the history of Afghanistan during this period ensuring that no important event is left out. Events leading up to the Soviet Invasion, Retreat of Soviet forces and the Afghan Civil War have been described by the author in a succinct manner. Since the history of Afghanistan during this period has been covered by a significant number of books, and that too in great detail, it is relieving to note that the writer has not presented extensive material reproducing the same events in the book. Instead the author sticks to presenting the events briefly. The next chapter in the book discusses the rise of fundamentalism in Afghan society. This covers the role of the Mujahideen, the rise of the Taliban, their war with the Northern Alliance and finally the advent of Osama bin Laden on the global scene. This chapter will be of particular interest to Western readers, especially those in the United States who are not clear about the origin of the Taliban. Afghanistan is a nation about which Western readers knew very little about till the events of 2001. Overall, Runion gives an insightful overview of such a country. In general, the book lays greater stress on the historical events occurring in the past 30 years. According to Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findling, both professors at Indiana University and foreword-writers for the book, the past 30 years have been witness to a great deal of historical change, and it is to this change that this book is primarily addressed. The material in the book has been presented in an orderly manner, with the author focusing on the chronological order of the historical events. The language used is simple and helpful for students wishing to acquire knowledge about the subject matter in a short time duration. However it must be noted that the book presents a very brief overview of the history of Afghanistan, with the overly plain language at times becoming simple even for high school students. As the reader moves towards the more modern history of Afghanistan, it becomes perfectly clear that this book was written for Americans who wanted to know more about Afghanistan after 2001. If that is the only purpose of the readers, this book will prove fine. But if the readers are history students or researchers, they will find vast other eras of history getting ignored. The book contains additional chapters that add useful detail to the historical narrative. One chapter is a thorough chronology of important historical events, making it easy for readers to follow the flow of Afghanistans history. Another chapter features biographical sketches of the nations most important figures who have contributed to the historical development of the Afghan nation. The book also contains a comprehensive bibliography, so that those readers interested in the subject matter can find more about the nation and its history. Each chapter is followed by detailed notes explaining the contents of the chapter, making extensive references to works of other writers and historians on Afghanistan. Included alongside these items is a glossary of frequently used terms, and a guide to further readings. The author apparently did a great deal of research and references multiple sources to provide an unbiased look into Afghanistan. It was noted that the chronology of this book moves in a haphazard fashion, and the areas the author chooses to focus on are sometimes puzzling. Even though Afghanistan was a neutral nation during WWI and WWII, those wars are discussed in a paragraph. The authors style of narrating the events which have not yet occurred in a specific section becomes irritating at times. For example, the author writes: That king ruled until the war was over in 1967 Then the next section will begin: The war of regicidal independence began in 1960 This is fairly common, and has the readers sometimes struggling to put their mindset back into chronological order. The absence of maps was greatly felt, which could have assisted in explaining the historical contents of the book. Similarly, the book contained no illustrations or images, making it a tiresome and unamusing read at times. Inclusion of maps and illustrations could have added to the appeal and quality of the book Overall, the book makes a satisfactory attempt to explain the major historical events of Afghanistan very briefly. Some historical details have been ignored by the author. For an introductory history to Afghanistan, this serves its purpose, but it will probably pique rather than satiate the readers search for knowledge, which may have been the authors point all along. The book has about 150 pages, so if the readers want an in depth material this probably isnt recommended. However, this is a great starting material for those wanting to gain more understanding on the country and the current focus on modern events and conflicts It is recommended for general public wishing to acquire elementary knowledge and background information about the history of Afghanistan in a concise manner. Students of history and researchers looking for in-depth material on the subject however will be disappointed.

A short story that is written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Essay

This is a short story that is written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. At the time in which this short but very good story was written it was one of the first detective fiction story. This review of it will guide you through why it is a typical but very well written story. It includes the most famous detective in the world and is still a household name to this very day. The detectives name is Sherlock Holmes and has been written and read about for a number of decades. The main frame of the story is a lady called Helen Stoner who is worried about her life and comes to Sherlock for help and advice. Holmes with his partner Doctor Watson investigates Helens sisters death and hopes to find out the reason for this sinister crime. After looking and analysing the story it is evident that it has the right ingredients for a good detective fiction story. The ingredients that have been well placed into the story are a good opening. The opening starts with Sherlock waking up to his companion Watson and explaining that he is needed as a client is in deep worry. The other essential ingredients are drama, suspense a heroine or a such as Holmes as the hero and Helen stoner as the heroine. Detail is important in every story and detective fiction is no exception. Without detail the reader cannot properly understand what the situation the detective is in. Also the story has to have a good ending to it or maybe a twist like â€Å"The Speckled Band† does. The twist in this is totally unexpected as the killer is the father. The most important ingredients to a story, which I think is essential to the reader, are characters with good and believable characteristics. Without this ingredient the story is simply not a story. The reader has almost to know the character and then when this is accomplished they read on knowing that the person will follow the description that they have been given by the author. A good example of this is Dr Roylett. The words that are used here give a basic impression of him. â€Å"violence of temper†, ferocious quarrels with whoever might cross his path†, â€Å"shut himself up in his house†. From reading these statements the reader can imagine that this Roylett man will be any help with Holmes investigation. If they read on from here then they find out that he is not.

The Define Thesis Statement Stories

The Define Thesis Statement Stories Expressing your own personal position isn't enough for a superior research paper. One other important lesson you're likely to learn from good thesis statement definition and examples readily available online is the need to thoroughly assess the central supporting line to make certain it aligns with the intention of the paper and the prompt. The type of thesis statement included in the paper determines the standard of the paper. A thesis statement is a brief, usually one sentence-long claim written close to the start of your paper, which acts as a point of reference, a roadmap or a compass for the entire paper. A thesis statement can be in one, two or even 3 sentences at the conclusion of the conclusion, based on the amount of your paper and the essence of your argument. It is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Thus in the instance of all thesis statements, valid arguments should be present to support the major point of the essay. Both the argument and your thesis are very likely to require adjustment on the way. A lot of the moment, your thesis statement will be in the very start of your essay, possibly at the conclusion of the very first paragraph. A succinct overview of what you need to say about that topic. Simply fill in the blanks regarding the subject of your essay and that which you plan to prove and you're done. Before going into the matter, you want to understand what a persuasive essay is. Do write, Americans should eliminate the normal consumption of fast food because the speedy food diet contributes to preventable and pricey health problems, including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. For instance, you can create a thesis statement that's linked to health. You can't possibly cover all the considerable consequences of global warming, which means that your reader should know on which ones that you mean to focus. Veganism A vegan diet, though a healthful and ethical approach to c onsume food, indicates a place of privilege. You should agree it is simpler to produce the thesis statement of the paper when the remainder of the pieces are written than attempting to connect each paragraph with another topic sentence to the primary argument. It's important to get an in depth understanding of the ideas that you are likely to mention in your essay. The topic shouldn't be old or broad. Narrowing down your subject of discussion lets you focus primarily on the job at hand. Using the expression statement' often confuses students into thinking that the claim must be put in 1 sentence. One of the primary qualities of a thesis statement is the fact that it always offers an answer to a particular question and does so transparently and succinctly. Issued in a sentence or two towards the conclusion of the introduction, the claim stipulates a unifying theme for the whole text. There's a reason for it. Just like any great thesis, you wish to get as specific as possi ble. A thesis are found in virtually every form of academic and professionally written text. It can be included at the start of the paper. Understanding how to compose a research paper thesis is the key step. You are able to bet that we double check our essays so that you know you will get original work every moment. Academic essays aren't mystery novels which use suspense as a means to continue to keep readers glued. In fact, a seasoned writer can get the job done much faster than any student as they've been writing academic assignments during their entire life. Yes, there's somebody who can aid you with your essays expert essay writers at MyPerfectWords. Broadly speaking, when there's a writing assignment, a teacher or professor will offer more time for research a couple of weeks. Writing in college often requires the shape of persuasionconvincing others that you've got an interesting, logical viewpoint on the subject you're studying. Brainstorming is among the best thi ngs a student can do in order to choose the wonderful idea and develop a corresponding statement. The reason your teachers wish to critique the thesis is so they can make certain you're writing something which is right for your skill and school. An informative essay is most likely the toughest sort of assignment that should be accomplished with absolute care and concern. The claim made in the statement ought to be something which other people may argue against. Further analyze the center of your topic and focus on very specific regions of European travel which you can realistically cover and support with good evidence. You will use evidence from your studying to show the point you're making. You have to have a statement that isn't just easy to comprehend, but one that's debatable. Fortunately, despite what you might have been told, writing a thesis statement is in fact incredibly straightforward. Among several things, first, you have to think of a potent racism thesis state ment. Whenever someone reads your thesis statement, they ought to get a feeling of what your paper is all about and what, if any, slant or argument you've got. A thesis statement is comprised of a couple of sentences that summarize the gist of your findings and explain what the point of your paper is. Research is an essential part of any college program. Students should avoid such firms since they provide low superior services and also impact their grades.

Highly Discussed Topic Cloning - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 995 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Science Essay Level High school Tags: Cloning Essay Did you like this example? Despite the wide debates, very few actually know and argue the facts about cloning. To clone a horse, or any animal, cells need to be taken from a donor. Usually, these cells are appropriated from the ears or chest of the animal. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Highly Discussed Topic: Cloning" essay for you Create order After these cells are retrieved, they have several different options for destinations. They can be placed into a nucleus-lacking, unfertilized egg or genetically engineered into an embryo. Once that step is finalized, they are either jolted with a pulse of electricity to start cell division or they are frozen for later use. The ones that have begun to divide are usually placed into a surrogates or hosts uterus to continue on in normal gestation. They also can be used to cultivate organ tissues. The first clone was produced in 1997 and is known as Dolly the Sheep. Then, in 2003, a horse and 3 mules were successfully cloned in a similar style as Dolly. In 2013, not too long ago, Dr. Shoukhart Mitalipov stated that cloning these days is just a science project. This lead many to believe that it would never evolve into anything worthwhile. In todays world, very little cloning is actually taking place. Some scientist have begun to attempt to clone endangered species to try to preserve them . Many scientists claim that cloning could affect the future of medicines, tissue regeneration, embryology, cancer treatments, and solutions for infertility, to name just a few. Cloning has 2 main methods. The first is how Dolly the sheep was created. DNA is taken from skin cells of a donor, put into an egg without a nucleus, charged with an electrical pulse to start cell division, and then placed into a host uterus to develop in normal gestation. The second way is when DNA is taken from skin cells then genetically engineered back into an embryotic state. The embryo is either placed into an animal to grow into a fetus or is grown into different types of tissues t be used later on. Todays technology could morph into infertility solutions, but numerous scientists argue that it is too unpredictable and unsafe to perform on humans. Equine communities are slowly starting to accept cloned animals into sporting events, but many competitors are still against this new exception to the old rules. The world has the technology to clone nearly anything and everything ;however, ethics, morals, and safety always come into question. Most would agree that it needs to have im proved accuracy and stability before it goes any further. If the word cloning were to be spoken in any given conversation, many would agree that it corresponds directly to money, specifically large amounts of it. Since so many animals have been cloned, there is a sizeable range of costs. Some of the cheapest cloning methods involve pets, more specifically, cats and dogs. They range anywhere from $25,000 to $50,000. To most, that amount of money could be equivalent to the price of a small used car! Coming in at around $40,000 is cattle. Cattle is usually not a choice to be cloned because of their low value, other than for meat or genetics purposes. Horses are one of the biggest industries of cloning, because of their variety of uses and general value. In Texas, a company claims to be able to clone a horse to produce a live foal for $150,000! That is the price of a decent sized home for many Americans! Most of the horses cloned at that facility are champion horses. This is mainly done to pass on genetics when a geldings sperm was not saved before castration. Human cloning has been estimated to cost upwards of $2 million dollars! However, because it hasnt been achieved, the price is just an approximation. Many frown upon the costs of cloning because of the time-to-cost ratio. It takes a prolonged amount of time for a product to result for the amount of money that it costs to produce a clone. Also, the system does not have a 100% guarantee, meaning that large investment could be wasted money. Personally, I think cloning is a poor definition choice for what is actually being done. Technically, an exact copy offspring can not be resulted because of the workings of DNA. However, I do see the benefits of cloning technologies in the medicinal fields. Infertility is a big tabooed topic these days, mainly because many dont understand it and there arent many solutions to the numerous problems. Also, cancer has affected many people on this earth, so if cloning can either reduce those numbers or eliminate them completely, the medicinal world will be majorly befitted. I feel these subjects should only be approached with cloning when it safety, morality, and techniques are perfected to protect everyone and everything involved. On the topic of infertility, I also believe that designer babies should not be allowed. Parents, no matter how desperate they be, should not be allowed to design their own offspring. It makes it seem as if they are trying to play God. As far as livestock, I am on the fence. I can see the benefit of cloning in horses and endangered species to preserve blood lines and keep certain genetics going, but it appears to be meaningless otherwis e. Pets may seem like a member of the family to some owners, but I wouldnt go as far as cloning them to have the same pet again. Clones, in my opinion, should not be allowed to compete in sporting events like rodeos or showing events. It seems like a loophole to cheating, despite the new rules condoning it. In conclusion, cloning will always be a highly debated topic, and, despite technological advances, morality, ethics, and safety will always need to be questioned. I have no doubt that cloning can change the world, for the better at least. Until then, we as humans cannot allow ourselves to play the role of God. Science, as many other subjects, needs to have its limits and scientists need to know where to draw their lines.

Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay - 1350 Words

Kate Chopins The Awakening Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening expresses the difficulty of finding a woman’s place in society. Edna learns of new ideas such as freedom and independence while vacationing in Grand Isle. Faced with a choice to conform to society’s expectations or to obey personal desires for independence, Edna Pontellier realizes that either option will result in dissatisfaction. Thus, Edna’s awakening in Grand Isle leads to her suicide. Edna’s awakening occurs during her family’s vacation in Grand Isle. It is here that she learns to freely express herself and be unreserved in her behavior and speech. Through the Creole women, Edna becomes free from the chains that bind her to societal expectations. Adele†¦show more content†¦The two main women in Edna’s life serve as foils of each other and static characters to which Edna can compare. Adele Ratignole presents the ideal, socially-accepted woman figure. She exemplifies all that is perfect: devoted wife seeking only to please her spouse, loving mother, knowledgeable, conventional, â€Å"mother-woman,† elegant, charming, simple, and servant to both her family and society. Completely opposite of the dependent woman is Mademoiselle Reisz who personifies all that Adele would disgust. Reisz remains isolated from society, shunned as a recluse for her passion of music. She is unpopular, solitary, unmarried, childless, but also coura geous, passionate, independent, inspired, and free. The two figures rest on polar ends of a societal spectrum. This distance creates a horrific gap within which Edna finds herself. Edna identifies with both women, having qualities and tendencies of each. This dual connection complicates Edna’s identity; she cannot fully embody either woman type while she possesses qualities of the other. Edna remains in a situation in which success cannot be achieved. Edna’s awakening allows the two distinct female models of society to become clear, and her awakening causes her to feel unable to conform to either model. Edna’s arousal is that which opens her eyes to see her potential apart from her current life. Spending time in Grand Isle unveils a newShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening on Kate Chopins The Awakening1745 Words   |  7 Pages The time period of the 1880s that Kate Chopin lived in influenced her to write The Awakening, a very controversial book because of many new depictions of women introduced in the book. The Awakening is a book about a woman, Edna Pontellier. In the beginning, she is a happy woman with her husband and 2 kids vacationing at Grand Isle. While there, Edna realizes she is in love with Robert Lebrun and that she was just forced into an unloving/dissatisfying marriage with Mr. Pontellier. Robert howeverRead MoreKate Chopins The Awakening1767 Words   |  8 Pageswith experimentation and exploration, followed by personal acceptance, and finally, although not always, societal acceptance. Although we have come a long way on the path of acceptance of different sexual transgressions, the stories of Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Tennessee Williams’ â€Å"Vieux Carre,† and Lyle Saxon’s â€Å"The Centaur Plays Croquet† show that this type of acceptance has not alwa ys been the case. Each story plays an integral role when looking at the steps on the path to societal acceptanceRead MoreKate Chopins The Awakening1871 Words   |  8 Pagesworshipping her children and submitting to her husband. Kate Chopins novel, The Awakening, encompasses the frustrations and the triumphs in a womans life as she attempts to cope with these strict cultural demands. Defying the stereotype of a mother-woman, Edna battles the pressures of 1899 that command her to be a subdued and devoted housewife. 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Article Review on the China Road for Peace Free Essays

Zheng’ Bijian is the current chairman of the China Reform Forum and until 2002 when he retired he was the executive Vice President of the Central Party School committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Zheng’ Bijian was born in 1932 in Fushun which is in Sichuan province. Zheng’ holds a masters in political economics from the People’s University of China. We will write a custom essay sample on Article Review on the China Road for Peace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Well known for his involvement in research, Zheng has been actively involved in research for the government as well as the Communist party of China (CPC). Zheng’ became a personal secretary to Hu Yaobang who was the General Secretary then. Zheng’ worked for CPC central committee as the publicity department deputy director between 1992 and 1997. Zheng has initiated major policy themes in china including the ‘Peaceful rise of China’ which aims at developing China in a peaceful manner while incorporating Sino- European relations. He insisted that China needed to yield peaceful international relations even as it relied on its own strength for development. The foreign policies center The 48 Group Club is an independent network formed in early 1950s which promotes business links with China. It was formed after the first westerners commonly known as the icebreakers formed successful trade relations with China. 48 Group Club currently has over three hundred members in form of political leaders and businesses. The group networks events mostly related to advancement business to interested institutions and managers. Most organizations that participate are those leading in the development of China Business for British Organizations. The group is known to hold talks and business related conferences aimed at improving business relations and activities. 48 Group Club holds lectures which allow senior business official and government official alike to exchange views and discuss important issues. The group also holds receptions for visiting delegates to china and those from the private sector during their stay. Zheng’s speech. The road for peaceful rise encompasses ten points that are meant to assist China evolves into a world power through development and civilization as it maintains peace in China as well as the rest of the world. Building international relationships is key during the process. They intend to build friendships with other countries while promoting trustworthiness and harmony. China’s road for peaceful rise will ensure that the people of China have decent and dignified life. The country undertakes to improve economic development through acquisition of resources which will in turn increase production. Economic globalization is to be achieved through co-operation with other countries avoiding oppression through colonialization or forceful acquisition of resources from other countries. The peaceful rise will make use of the socialist system which has a domestic policy of developing productivity while the foreign policy aims at promoting peace. Promotion of industrialization and civilization are also vital as China strives to make a new image for its country. Modern civilization is going to be promoted through new patterns of industrialization to build a harmonious socialist society. The road of peaceful rise aims at furthering foreign relations through development of Sino-European and Sino-UK relations. China realizes the importance of such relations and intends to participate in international endeavors such as fighting terrorism and fighting weapons of mass destruction. China hopes to benefit from these relations by promoting economy, education, trade and finance. Learning from the developed countries like Europe and UK to help in tackling problems comes in handy in this peaceful rise. China will make use of European countries which are more developed to assist it in sorting certain problems. How to cite Article Review on the China Road for Peace, Papers

Business Economics Neoclassical Business Theory

Question: Describe about the Business Economics for Neoclassical Business Theory. Answer: Topic-1 Value of the firm is calculated by measuring current value of cost flows of profits of the firm over several years in the future. However, it is difficult to overemphasize the importance of value maximization in the neoclassical theory of the firm. However, it is considered as the essential core of the neoclassical theory of the firm. It helps to maximize the total market value of the firm thereby, maximizing social welfare of the firm. Value of the firm = Present value of expected future profits Value maximization is considered as a useful descriptive theory that helps to describe the behavior of a firm. The value of the firm is considered as the wealth of a shareholder that is given by the current value of all anticipated future profits of the firm. The key objective is to maximize the value of the firm that includes the wealth of shareholders. Subject to the several constraints, a firm seeks to maximize its marginal profits (Deng, Kang and Low 2013). Topic-2 The factors other than price impacts demand in the following way: Tastes and Preferences: It is considered as one of the most imperative factor that determines the demand for goods. In other words, if customers have higher preferences for a particular good, the demand for the good will be higher. The change in demand mostly takes place due to changes in fashion as well as types of advertisements. Income of the people: If the income of the people is high, the demand for the product will also increase. In other words, the greater the income of an individual, the greater will be the demand for a product. Greater income also signifies greater purchasing power of an individual. As a result, if income of an individual increase, they can afford to purchase more. On the other hand, if income of an individual decreases the demand for goods will also decrease (Bowen and Sosa 2014). The number of customers in the market: The market demand for a particular product depends on the addition of the individual demand. The larger the number of customers in the market, the greater will be the demand for a product. As a result, the sellers become profitable as succeed to find out new markets for his commodity. The two terms, change in quantity demanded and change in demand are two dissimilar perceptions in economics. On one hand, change in quantity demanded indicates the changes in quantity purchased. On the other hand, change in demand indicates the rise or fall in demand of a manufactured goods due to several determinants of demand, keeping price constant. The movement of the demand curve can calculate change in quantity demanded. However, changes in demand are calculated by shifts in demand curve. Change in quantity demanded is characterized by development and reduction of demand. Expansion of demand refers to the stage when quantity demanded is more due to fall in prices of a commodity. On the other hand, reduction of demand occurs when quantity demanded is less due to increase in the price of a good (Phlips 2014). Figure 1: Expansion and contraction of demand (Source: Created by Author) The diagram shows that when price changes from P to P1, the demand curve also gets shifted from Q1 to Q2. P denotes the equilibrium price whereas; the equilibrium quantity is denoted Similarly, change in demand is characterized by increase or decrease in demand that takes place due to changes in several factors such as change in income as well as change in taste and preference of a customer. Figure 2: Increase or decrease in demand (Source: Created by Author) The diagram shows that the movement from to D to D1 indicates increase in demand, whereas; the movement from to D1 to D indicates decrease in demand. Topic-4 The law of diminishing returns is described as the law of economics that states a rising number of new workers cause the marginal product of a different worker to be smaller as compared to the marginal commodity of the previous worker at the similar point. It states that in all productive procedures, the addition of more of one factor of production will at some point bring subordinate incremental per-unit return. Diminishing returns takes place mostly in the short run when capital is fixed. On the other hand, if the variable factor is augmented, it leads to a point where the factors become less productive. As a result, there will be a decreasing marginal product. Diminishing returns is mostly related to the short-run higher SRAC. On the other hand, diseconomies of scale are related to the long-run. It also takes place when increased output leads to an increase in LRAC. One of the good examples of diminishing returns is that of chemical fertilizers. A small amount of chemical fertiliz ers leads to a large amount of output. On the other hand, the further usage of chemical fertilizers will lead to diminishing marginal product as the effectiveness of the chemical diminishes. Another example is that of a caf. In other words, a caf may desire to serve more individuals during the busy months of summer. However, hiring extra employees may lead to difficulties due to lack of space in the caf (Real 2013). Figure 3: Law of diminishing returns (Source: Created by Author) The graph shows that as labor usage rises from L to L1, total output gets increased by the amount shown in the figure. On the other hand, if usage of labor is increased by the similar amount again, output increases by lesser amount. This indicates that the diminishing marginal returns to the use of labor as an input. The diagram shows that the marginal product of labor is diminishing all over to the right of point A. The defining characteristics of diminishing marginal returns indicate that with the augment in total investment, the total return on investment as a proportion of the total investment reduces (Murray, Dixon and Johnson 2013). Topic-5 The cost in the long-run is accumulated when firm changes level of production over time in response to predictable economic profits or losses. There are mostly no fixed costs of production in the long-run. The long-run is considered as a planning and accomplishment stage for producers. The combinations of outputs that are produced by a firm mostly analyze the present and predictable condition of the market in order to make decision related to production. Costs under long-run indicates to a period during which all inputs can be differed (Varian 2014). On the other hand, in the short-run, costs are accrued in real time all through the process of production. There is no impact of fixed costs on short-run costs however; variable costs and revenues affect the short-run costs. Based on the variable cost and the rate of production, the short-run costs get increased or decreased. Under the short-run costs, output is zero whereas; the cost is always positive as the fixed cost is incurred regardless of output. Examples of such costs include reduction charges, rent of land as well as loan interest. These type of costs are also referred to as unavoidable contractual costs as they stay contractually fixed and cannot be neglected in the short-run. The major differences between costs in the short run and long run are that in the long-run, there are no fixed factors. However, in the short-run, there are both fixed and variable factors. The general level of price adjusts completely to the state of the economy in the long-run, however; in the short-run the general level of price does not always adjust due to the reduced period of time (Allcott and Rogers 2014). Figure 4: The relationship between long-run and short-run costs (Source: Created by Author) Topic-6 Market structure is defined as a particular combination of features that determines the type of competition as well as pricing in the market. Monopolistic competition is one of the major type of market structure that takes place when there are several sellers who are attempting to be different from each other. Another type of market structure is that of oligopoly under which the market is operated by a small number of firms that controls the majority of the market share together. On the other hand, under natural monopoly, a firm is able to provide the entire market demand at a lower cost. The imperfectly competitive market structure is almost similar to the realistic market circumstances where monopolistic competition, oligopolists as well as monopoly exists. The major features of the major market structure types are as follows: Number of firms in the market: Under perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition market structures are ordered by several sellers from very large number of sellers to just a single seller (Dunne et al. 2013). The degree of equivalence of product: Under oligopoly market structure, firms sell either an equivalent or a differentiated commodity. However, firms under perfect competition and monopoly market structure, always sell an equivalent commodity whereas; under monopolistic market structure firms always sell differentiated commodities. Largest firms and their market share: A single firm has full share of market under pure monopoly. On the other hand, under oligopoly market structure, there is less number of firms, which have majority of market share. Lastly, under perfect competition, the market share of a single firm is insignificant. Barriers to Entry: Under perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition, market structures are characterized by severity of barriers to entry. Pricing: Under monopolistic market structure, firms have insignificant control over price due to differentiation of product as well as advertisement. However, the control over price relies on whether the firm is selling an equivalent or a differentiated product, under monopolistic competition (Stiglitz and Rosengard 2015). Case Study As per the case, the demand for apartments will be relatively inelastic as there are hardly any substitutes for the apartments in this area. However, it is also argued that demand can also be relatively elastic due to the fact that rent is a high proportion of the income of the renter. As a result, an increase in rent will make the renters leave the city on the whole or stay on the streets. The supply of apartments will be comparatively inelastic. According to the case study, the area is defined as a low-income area and there is less probability to avail free lands. As a result, the quantity supplied of apartments will increase in a negligible way. Similarly, the apartment owners will not make any investment in low-income areas with increase in rents (Havranek, Irsova and Janda 2012). Figure 5: Supply and Demand (Source: Created by Author) P denotes the initial equilibrium price and both the demand and supply curve is relatively steeper. If the government decides to provide a building subsidy, it will indicate a fall in costs of production. As a result, supply is likely to increase with lower costs of production. This will in turn create surplus that will indulge the apartment owners to minimize the rents. Figure 6: Shift of the supply curve (Source: Created by Author) The graph shows that the quantity supplied of apartments will increase. In other words, the supply curve shifts towards right from S1 to S2. As a result, price also falls from P to P1 and quantity gets increased from Q to Q1. On the other hand, if demand is perfectly inelastic in that case, the greatest impact will be the reduction in rents. This in turn increases the quantity supplied of the apartments by only a negligible amount. This helps the renters and the owners of the apartments to gain from the program. However, in this scenario the renters gain the maximum profit. References Allcott, H. and Rogers, T., 2014. The short-run and long-run effects of behavioral interventions: Experimental evidence from energy conservation.The American Economic Review,104(10), pp.3003-3037. Bowen, W.G. and Sosa, J.A., 2014.Prospects for faculty in the arts and sciences: A study of factors affecting demand and supply, 1987 to 2012. Princeton University Press. Deng, X., Kang, J.K. and Low, B.S., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and stakeholder value maximization: Evidence from mergers.Journal of Financial Economics,110(1), pp.87-109. Dunne, T., Klimek, S.D., Roberts, M.J. and Xu, D.Y., 2013. Entry, exit, and the determinants of market structure.The RAND Journal of Economics,44(3), pp.462-487. Havranek, T., Irsova, Z. and Janda, K., 2012. Demand for gasoline is more price-inelastic than commonly thought.Energy Economics,34(1), pp.201-207. Murray, A.L., Dixon, H. and Johnson, W., 2013. Spearman's law of diminishing returns: A statistical artifact?.Intelligence,41(5), pp.439-451. Phlips, L., 2014.Applied Consumption Analysis: Advanced Textbooks in Economics(Vol. 5). Elsevier. Real, L.A., 2013. On Uncertainty and the Law of Diminishing Returns in.Limits to action: The allocation of individual behavior, p.37. Stiglitz, J.E. and Rosengard, J.K., 2015.Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Varian, H.R., 2014.Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach: Ninth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company.

Psychosocial Issues in the Health Care of Children and Young People Essay Example

Psychosocial Issues in the Health Care of Children and Young People Essay R Psychosocial Issues in the Health Care of Children and Young people. A case study discussing the application and analysis of theories applicable to the psychological care of and child and their family. A case study discussing the application and analysis of theories applicable to the psychological care of and child and their family. I’m going to discuss a case study of a child named Jake. The name has been changed to comply with NMC confidentiality (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2012). Jake is four, and has been admitted to hospital due to a head injury. He also suffers from Asthma. The story behind this accident is vague and this family had previously contact with social services for child protection issues and the suspicion of abuse. This essay will consider the psychological effects this abuse may have on Jake; it will not discuss the actual reporting of the abuse. Jake is at an age where he requires psychological support and interaction to enable his development; Piaget demonstrated this though his Theory of Cognitive Development. Piaget believed that children go through a multiple number of stages of development and move from one stage to another once they achieve specific developmental milestones (Oakley 2004). This is backed up by Ericson’s stages of psychosocial development. He believed each stage of development has a specific conflict that the child has to overcome before moving to the next stage. If a child is unable to successfully overcome a particular conflict, the child will remain stuck at that stage until they are able to resolve that issue (Shaffer 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Issues in the Health Care of Children and Young People specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Issues in the Health Care of Children and Young People specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychosocial Issues in the Health Care of Children and Young People specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is thought that in order to move through these stages children need stimulation, encouragement and love from those around them. This will allow them build their trust, confidence and sense of security overall helping them successfully develop psychologically, in the form of social skills, cognitive and emotional development. In this case Jake may not have had the opportunity for this development due to possible neglect and abuse. He is less likely to be encouraged and may be anxious and insecure with a lack of trust in all adults. This means he may not thrive and will be ‘stuck’ at Piaget and Ericson’s development stages (Wadsworth 2004). There are many psychological theories and explanations that can be applied to this case with Jake, due to these disruptive and uneasy first few years of his life. Jake is very likely to have experienced a lot of stress. Stress can be defined as physical, mental, or emotional factor that affect the functioning of the body (Weller 2009). It becomes a problem when stress reactions are so severe that the child is unable to handle them effectively, which could apply to Jake. This stress experienced from abuse starts as a daily hassle, but can lead to more long term chronic stress (Thomas 2007). Jake is currently experiencing both types of stress, firstly due to the chronic stress of abuse and secondly the additional stress of coming into hospital. Being only four he is not old enough to manage stress or understand what he’s going though, therefore it’s likely to have a huge effect on him and his development as he can’t manage it effectively. At this age, this stress response allows the child to gain control in the short term yet not manage the long term stress. He is likely to express extreme behaviors in order to cope including, withdrawal, denial and impulsive acting out. These are defense mechanisms, which are ineffective in the long term, and lead to a more extreme way to cope, this could be shown by, panic, depression, self-harm and refusal to play with his peers (Kostelnik 1998). This is the type of coping mechanism a boy of Jake’s age is likely to express. Stress is said to be divided into three different ‘types. Positive stress, this is experienced in everyday life and is essential for development such as meeting new people or going to a new school. Tolerable stress causes more distress but is short lived, such as the death of a loved one. The third is toxic stress; this is what Jake is experiencing as a result of the abuse he is experiencing. If toxic stress is sustained over a long period of time the stress response system gets activated for the equivalent amount of time. This can lead to permanent changes in the development of the brain. Toxic stress is caused by abuse or neglect. (Shonkoff 2000). Biological Psychologists have also found a correlation between toxic stress and bodily development (National Scientific Council on the Developing Child 2004). Examples of this include impairment of the brain circuits, which can result in a smaller brain size, as well as the hormones released due to toxic stress damaging parts of the brain responsible for memory and learning. In Jakes case, this type of stress he is experiencing could influence his learning and development as he goes into adulthood, however, this is a correlation; cause and effect cannot be established (Middlebrooks 2008). Stress can have a large influence on the health of the child. A stressed child will firstly show outward signs of stress, these will include being upset, crying, whilst having little trust in adults. Stress is also likely to have an influence upon development including children’s physical, psychological, emotional well-being as well as their ability to concentrate and learn (Thomas 2007). Jake’s behavior shows that he is experiencing anxiety; so he is therefore expressing symptoms such as nausea, racing heart rate and muscle pain. It is known that the long term effects of anxiety can also influence his immune system, this is due to the levels of stress hormones released (Glaser 2008). His body is constantly in the ‘fight or flight’ mode, which is due to the level of stress hormone corticosteroids and adrenaline being released. This focuses the body’s attention away from systems, including the immune system, making him more susceptible to illness (Selye 1997). The physical abuse and limited nurturance that Jake is experiencing could also be linked to chronic impairment; this could explain why Jake has asthma. A study carried out by Coogan found childhood abuse causes stress that leads to â€Å"physiological consequences. † The stress of living in an abusive situation takes a toll on the body, specifically on the immune system and on airway development; this is evident in Jakes case (Coogan 2006). This stress is likely to also influence Jakes social development, which is an important development stage for a boy of Jakes age. If Jake has been neglected, his parents may have not helped him develop social skills and taught him how to interact with others, this will influence his speech development. When he starts school, this will have a big impact on his ability to interact with peers and teachers. It will also influence his ability to have friendships and learn to play with others as he is unable to interact with them. Jake is likely to get frustrated which could lead to signs of aggression as this is what he thinks is the ‘correct’ way to act towards others due to this early experience of abuse (Haskett 1999). Jakes role model will be his primary care givers of who are also likely to be his abusers. Even in this situation Jake will want to ‘be like’ these role models, unfortunately they are not showing him the correct way to behave. Their behaviors will be expressed by Jake too, which will lead to serious social problems. He will also be confused when he is told his behavior is not correct, as he doesn’t known any different, this can be frustrating for him and could lead to him becoming violent and in the long term effect his education (Smith 2004). As a result of Jakes poor development, he is likely to under-achieve in school and subsequently to have a low income as an adult. As a consequence of this he is also likely to have children at a very early age, and provide poor health care, nutrition and stimulation to his children, therefore contributing to poverty and further poor development. Research has also found that he is likely to demonstrate this abusive behavior onto his own children (World Health Organization 2009). The long-term effects of stress have been widely researched by psychologists. However, it is difficult to determine whether childhood stress was the route cause. The Nature/Nurture debate by Darwin is relevant to the impact of childhood experiences. Darwin questions whether the stress experienced during childhood lead to consequences in adulthood (Nurture) or if genetic makeup and traits have an impact (Nature) (Paris 2005). The long-term effects of stress were researched by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They looked into the link between childhood stressors and adult health. They conducted a study on adverse childhood experiences (ACE), including abuse and neglect. They interviewed 170,000 participants and around one third stated they experienced an ACE during their childhood. The ACE Study uses the ACE Score; this calculated the total number of ACE respondents reported. The ACE Score is used to assess the total amount of stress during childhood as the number of ACE increase, the risk of health problems increases. Health problems include alcohol abuse, cardiac problems, depression and teenage pregnancy (Middlebrooks 2008). Children react to stress and learn to cope in many ways, including: defense mechanisms, such as denial, regression, withdrawal and impulsive acting-out. These stress responses can allow the child to temporarily gain a sense of control or balance. However, these defense mechanisms are generally not productive in the long-term and can lead to more serious stress responses, including, panic, self-harm and refusal to play with their peers (Kostelnik 1998). Therefore, support from the parents is necessary for children to learn how to respond to stress in a physically and emotionally healthy manner. Another appropriate theory in relation on Jake is attachment theory. This is referred to as the innate strong emotional bond between an infant and primary care giver (PCG), which is present in the long-term. Attachment is an important process, as children’s physical, emotional, and psychological development depends on attachments formed with the PCG. While the supply of food, clothing, and shelter is important, it is not enough to promote development. Loving care and attention are also needed if children are to grow into adults capable of forming healthy relationships with others. Attachment is the basis for a child’s understanding of themselves, the world and the people in it. This theory was developed by John Bowlby in 1969. This bond starts to form from birth and is usually with the child’s mother or father (Walker 2002). In the case of Jake, he is less likely to have formed this type of attachment with his parents. Children who have been abused have usually also experienced neglect and rejection. They have not formed the emotional bond due to not receiving positive care and attention from them, as they are punished or hurt by the people they spend most of their time with. Chronic experiences like this result in fear and insecurity, which then undermine the child’s ability to form attachment, as well as the child linking the attachment figure to pain and injury (Prior 2006). The attachment bond has several key elements. Attachment is turning to PCG to protect us and to manage our feelings, fears, anxieties, and distress as well as being a ‘safe base’. The loss or threat of loss of the person evokes distress. This first bond is thought by psychologists to form a working framework for future relationships. A successful relationship with the PCG during infancy will affect future relationships, whereas a poor relationship with the PCG during infancy is linked to emotional and behavioral problems later in life (Perry 2010). Mary Ainsworth looked into Bowlbys Attachment theory in more depth; she divided attachment up into different types and studied the effect this had on their psychological health and relationship formation, as well as how children responded to their PCG. The study involved observing children between the ages of 12 to 18 months responding to a situation in which they were briefly left alone and then reunited with their mother (Ainsworth, 1978). Ainsworth concluded that there were three major styles of attachment: secure attachment, ambivalent-insecure attachment, and avoidant-insecure attachment. These early attachment styles have an influence upon behaviors in later life (Colin 2000). In the case with Jake, he is likely to be in the category of insecure-avoidant attachment to his PCG. In the strange situation an insecure-avoidant child will fail to develop any feelings of security from the attachment figure. Accordingly they exhibit difficulty moving away from the attachment figure to explore surroundings. When distressed they are difficult to soothe and are not comforted by the PCG. This is due to the extreme lack of trust in the PCG as well as not getting responsive, nurturing, consistent care in the early weeks and months of their lives They don’t know how to receive this reassuring care in a distressing situation, which is how Jake is likely to respond in this situation (Crittenden 2001). However this study was in an artificial environment so has low ecological validity, as well as it only showing the attachment towards one PCG, whom may not be the main attachment figure, the unusual environment may influence the child’s behavior also. For Jake multiple problems are likely to arise due to this disordered attachment in early life. Some issues are obvious such as development delays, such as language development, social behaviors and cognitive development, this is due to the early bond between child and PCG is not present which is a vital for development. Emotional functioning is usually also disordered in abused children, they maybe ‘too loving’ and hug virtual strangers, this is likely to be ‘safety seeking’ behavior to try to avoid further abuse (McPherson 2002). Children also mirror adult behavior. In this case of abused children, such as Jake, the children learn that this behavior is the ‘correct’ way to interact with others, causing problems in current and future social encounters. Another major problem with these children is aggression; this is thought to be due to lack of empathy and poor impulse control. Children like Jake do not understand others have feelings and the impact their actions may have on others. They are also likely to hurt animals, smaller children and siblings due to wanting the hurtful control their PCG has over them (Kail 2006). Based on current evidence, it is important that when children like Jake come into the healthcare setting they receive the appropriate care both physically and emotionally to make sure they are safe and their experience of coming into hospital causes as little distress as possible. Empathy and consideration should be expressed by the nurses looking after him. They need to meet his needs yet be careful ad he is likely to be hostile and have a lack of trust in any adults. He is also going to be unable to verbalize his feelings as well as adults can, due to not having their words to describe his fears and worries. Nurses need to take this into account and use different ways to allow Jake to discuss his worries, for example though play. Jake is also unable to take positive action towards managing stress when it arises, nurses should strive to relive this stress wherever possible and offer initiatives such as counseling to the children like Jake to help reduce this stress. Whilst Jake is in hospital it is important to reassure him he isn’t being punished for being ill. He may think that he has done something wrong, which is why he has been taken from his home and adults may be hurting him by the forms of injections and medication. This needs to be explained to Jake, so he gains trust in the medical staff, this can be done by making his time in hospital enjoyable and getting him involved. A new initiative has also been realized which teaches healthcare staff how to recognize children who come in suffering from abuse or neglect. This will help them build up a better picture of what is happening in the child’s life so they can alert social services if they think something might be wrong (Poulter 2012). In conclusion Jake’s situation has raised many psychological concerns about how his development is being influenced by his abusive relationship with his parents. This stress he is experiencing and the complicated attachment he has to his parents could also lead onto other psychological problems such as depression, social problems and maybe even become a risk to his health as well as extensive development problems. Nurses should work as part of a multi-disciplinary team with social services and Jakes parents to help protect Jake and his future. Ainsworth (1978). Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Solution. New Jersey: Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication . p. 45. Colin (2000). Human Attachment. 2nd ed. London: Temple University Press. p. 47-48. Crittenden. (2001). Child maltreatment and attachment theory. Available: http://www. patcrittenden. com/include/docs/Crittenden_Ainsworth_1989. pdf. Last accessed 25th March 2013. Haskett (1999). 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